分阶段治疗颅颈交界脊索瘤的方法,结合内镜下经鼻入路和远外侧入路:病例报告(A Staged Strategy for Craniocervical Junction Chordoma with Combination of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach and Far Lateral Approach with Endoscopic Assistance: Case Report)
英文摘要:
Objective While the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has gained widespread acceptance for the resection of clivus chordomas, conventional transcranial approaches still have a crucial role in craniocervical junction (CCJ) chordoma surgery.In repeat surgery, a carefully planned treatment strategy is needed. We present a surgical treatment plan combining an EEA and a far-lateral craniotomy with endoscopic assistance (EA) in the salvage surgery of a recurrent CCJ chordoma.
Case Presentation A 37-year-old woman who had undergone partial resection of a chordoma extending from the mid-clivus to the CCJ.
Technique: A two-stage surgical intervention was planned. First, we opted for an EEA with the intention of removing only the extradural and medial compartments of the lesion. The rationale was to avoid intradural dissection of possibly adherent tissues from the previous procedures and to minimize the cerebrospinal fluid leak risk. One month after the first endonasal stage, a far lateral craniotomy was performed. After removal of the lateral mass and pedicle of C1, a large surgical corridor to the tumor was obtained. Tumor loculations disseminated in and around the CCJ and located in the areas blind to microscopic examination were then successfully resected with EA. An occipito-cervical fusion was then performed during the same procedure.
Conclusion In addition to the exact location and morphology of the tumor, history of previous surgery was an important factor in devising a treatment strategy in this case of clivus chordoma. EA was also found to be instrumental in improving the reach of the far lateral approach.
中文摘要:
目的 在内镜下经鼻入路(EEA)切除斜坡脊索瘤获得广泛接受的同时,常规经颅入路在颅颈交界处(CCJ)脊索瘤手术中仍具有重要作用。在再次手术中,需要一个精心计划的治疗策略。我们提出一个外科治疗计划,结合EEA和远外侧开颅手术与内镜辅助(EA)在颅颈交界处脊索瘤手术中使用。
病例描述 一名37岁妇女,她接受了从中斜坡延伸至CCJ的脊索瘤部分切除术。
技术 计划两阶段手术治疗。首先,我们选择了EEA,目的是只切除病变的硬膜外和内腔。其基本原理是避免硬膜内剥离可能粘连的组织,从以前的程序和尽量减少脑脊液泄漏的风险。在一个鼻内期后一个月,进行了远侧开颅手术。在切除C1侧块和椎弓根后,获得了通往肿瘤的较大手术通道。术中成功切除肿瘤灶,肿瘤灶在CCJ内及周围播散,位于显微镜检查不可见的区域,术中进行枕颈融合。
结论 除肿瘤的确切位置和形态外,既往手术史是决定本病治疗策略的重要因素。EA也被发现有助于好转远侧入路的伸入范围。
脊索瘤是由脊索残余形成的,在椎轴的骶尾骨交界处和颅颈交界处(CCJ)有较高的表达趋势。CCJ病变常累及斜坡、岩骨、枕髁及上颈椎(C1-C3),损害骨结构。对于位于中线的CCJ肿瘤,较近的内镜鼻内入路(EEA)的进展较大地提高了在这一深位置的切除率。然而,脊索瘤往往向外侧延伸,累及神经血管结构,这可能导致单纯中线入路不完全切除。此外,即使在根治性切除后,肿瘤复发的风险仍然很高。在复发病例中,以前使用的手术入路对抢救治疗策略有影响。
INC国际神经外科医生集团旗下组织国际神经外科顾问团(WANG)成员,国际神经外联合会(WFNS)颅底手术委员会主席(2013年至今)Sebastien Froelich教授作为论文编者之一,是国际神经外科内镜手术专家,他对于脊索瘤、垂体瘤、颅咽管瘤等都有大量的临床治疗经验。Sebastien Froelich教授擅长神经内镜鼻内入路的颅底肿瘤切除,针对脊索瘤、垂体瘤、颅咽管瘤等采取神经内镜下的微创手术。其发明的内镜手术“筷子手法”操作方式不止提高了肿瘤的切除率,更是使肿瘤患者有了更好的预后效果。
9月7日、8日,国际神经外科联合会(WFNS)2019大会的多个会前会在首都医科大学宣武医院召开,Sebastien Froelich教授在宣武医院开展现场指导教学,内容涵盖手术展示及Storz脑室镜模拟训练、复杂颅底入路的解剖等,学员们纷纷表示收获颇丰。9月10日,Sebastien Froelich教授在WFNS大会上发表了《颅颈交界区肿瘤的治疗》主题演讲,以大量的临床案例和手术视频介绍了神经内镜技术如何对各类颅经交界处肿瘤进行准确切除,并系统总结了神经内镜技术操作要点和手法技巧等。Froelich教授高超的内镜下手法和显微外科手术技巧都让参会者叹为观止。Sebastien Froelich教授为中国神经内镜技术的发展起到了一个指导性的作用。